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The present contribution, after giving a survey of the translators’ work – beginning with Ibn al-Biṭrīq, working in the age of al-Maʾmūn and in the circle of al-Kindī – concentrates on the translation, annotation and commentary of the Baghdad physician and philosopher Abū l-Faraǧ ʿAbdallāh ibn al-Ṭayyib (d. The identity and ascription of the extant versions poses a number of problems which only recently, in the light of manuscript findings and the discovery of some early testimonies, can be solved with certainty.

Aristotle’s cosmological treatise De Caelo, appropriately named “Book on the Heaven and the World” in the Arabic tradition, was one of the most influential, and – apart from the Organon of logic – the best represented among Aristotle’s authentic works in Mediaeval Arabic translations and commentaries.